• The study of international organizations (IOs) as a process and as a creation of the international system.
  
• Concepts and types of IOs.
  
• Roles fulfilled by IOs.
  
• The evolution of IOs since the XIXth century.
  
• IOs and the challenge of global governance.
  
• The League of Nations and the inception of "collective security".
  
• The United Nations as the centrepiece of international governance.
  
• The UN and international security.
  
• Issues in UN reform.
  
• Economic governance: the role of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
  
• The World Trade Organisation and the multilateral system of trade.
  
• NATO.
  
• The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
  
• The Council of Europe.
  

1. To identify the nature and roles of IOs.
   
   
2. To explain the role of IOs in the globalization process.
   
   
3. to distinguish among the skills of different IOs.
   
   

• CAMPOS, João Mota et al. (1999), Organizações Internacionais, Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
• HILL, Stephen M. e MALIK, Shahin (eds.) (1996), Peacekeeping and the United Nations, Aldershot, Darmouth.
• MINGST, Karen A. e KARNS, Margaret P. (1995), The United Nations in the Post-Cold War Era, Boulder, Colo., Westview Press.
• KARNS, Margaret P. e MINGST, Karen A. (2004), International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner.
• OTUNNU, Olara A. e DOYLE, Michael W. (eds.) (1998), Peacemaking and Peacekeeping for the New Century, Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield.
• PINTO, Maria do Céu (2000), As Nações Unidas e a Segurança Colectiva, Política Internacional, vol. 3, nº 22, Inverno.
• PINTO, Maria do Céu (2000), As Nações Unidas e a manutenção da paz, Coimbra, Almedina (em fase de publicação).
• RITTBERGER, Volker e ZANGL, Bernhard (2006), International Organization: Polity, Politics and Policies, Houndsmill, Palgrave
• ZORGBIBE, Charles (1997), Les organisations internationales, Paris, PUF, 4ªa ed.
• WEISS, Thomas G. e al. (2004), The United Nations and Changing World Politics, Boulder, CO, Westview Press.

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